How do atmospheric gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?

The greenhouse effect is primarily driven by certain gases in the atmosphere, commonly referred to as greenhouse gases, which include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases have the ability to absorb and re-radiate infrared radiation emitted from the Earth's surface. When sunlight reaches the Earth, it warms the surface, which then emits heat in the form of infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases trap some of this heat, preventing it from escaping back into space, which results in an overall warming effect on the planet.

This process is essential for maintaining the Earth's temperature and sustaining life, as it creates a stable climate. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's average temperature would be significantly lower, making it inhospitable for most current life forms. Thus, the role of atmospheric gases in trapping heat is central to their contribution to the greenhouse effect.