How is overfishing characterized?

Overfishing is characterized by excessive fishing beyond sustainable levels, which can lead to the depletion of fish populations. This occurs when the rate of fish removal from the ocean exceeds the rate at which the population can naturally replenish itself. Overfishing disrupts the balance of marine ecosystems, causing not only a decline in targeted fish populations but also affecting the species that depend on them for food as well as the overall health of the aquatic environment.

In contrast, sustainable fishing practices aim to manage fish populations and ecosystems responsibly to maintain their health and productivity over time. Population growth of fish stocks indicates a healthy ecosystem where recovery occurs, and strict regulations on catch sizes are measures designed to prevent overfishing, not characterize it. Thus, these other options do not define overfishing but rather reflect practices or conditions that help mitigate or prevent the issue.