What is a likely consequence of the elk population increasing due to the removal of wolves?

The increase in the elk population after the removal of wolves can lead to fewer trees growing due to over-browsing. Wolves are natural predators that help regulate prey populations, including elk. When wolves are removed from the ecosystem, elk populations can grow unchecked. An overabundance of elk can result in intense browsing pressure on vegetation.

As elk consume large amounts of vegetation, especially young trees and shrubs, this can prevent these plants from maturing and reproducing. Over time, this could lead to a decline in tree diversity and density in the area, as well as significant changes to the overall landscape. The reduction in tree cover can further affect various aspects of the ecosystem, including habitat availability for other species. Thus, the consequence of increased elk populations due to the absence of wolves is a negative impact on forest regeneration and biodiversity.