What is the primary process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?

Plants convert sunlight into chemical energy primarily through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants utilize sunlight to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll captures the light energy. The glucose produced serves as an essential energy source for the plant and can be used for growth, development, and cellular respiration.

The oxygen released as a byproduct is vital for aerobic organisms, including humans. Photosynthesis not only plays a critical role in energy production for plants but also contributes oxygen to the atmosphere and helps regulate carbon dioxide levels, making it fundamental for maintaining life on Earth.