Which of the following abiotic factors can influence species distribution?

Temperature and water availability are crucial abiotic factors that strongly influence the distribution of species. Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that can affect living organisms and the functioning of the environment.

Temperature impacts species distribution as different organisms have specific temperature ranges in which they can survive, thrive, and reproduce. For example, cold-blooded animals, like reptiles, are often found in warmer regions where they can regulate their body temperature effectively.

Water availability is equally significant, as it is essential for the survival of all living organisms. Some species are adapted to thrive in wet environments, while others are suited to arid conditions. The availability of water affects not just where species can live, but also their reproductive success and overall health.

Both temperature and water availability create the conditions necessary for ecosystems to support various life forms, dictating which species can establish themselves in particular habitats. Therefore, these abiotic factors play a critical role in shaping ecological communities.